En esta breve conferencia de VS Ramachandran, se considera el papel de la neuronas espejo en la formación de la sociedad, la esencia de nuestro aprendizaje es la imitación, y nacemos con un aparato instintivo básico y un sistema cognitivo-conductual "en blanco", asimilamos rápidamente conocimientos y conducta a través de este sistema de neuronas espejo, que por otra parte es fundamental para el desarrollo de la empatía que conforma una piedra angular de lo que ahora se conoce como inteligencia emocional que se expresa esencialmente en los sentimientos compasivos hacia el entorno y cuya carencia suele observarse en el autismo y la sociopatía.
Les dejo con un artículo en el que el Dr Ramachandran es coautor:
The human mirror neuron system: A link between action observation and social skills Lindsay M. Oberman, Jaime A. Pineda, and Vilayanur S. Ramachandran Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci. 2007 March; 2(1): 62–66. doi: 10.1093/scan/nsl022.
Saludos cordiales/Gustavo
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Improved spatial learning performance of fat-1 mice is associated with enhanced neurogenesis and neuritogenesis by docosahexaenoic acid
Chengwei Hea, Xiying Qua, Libin Cuib, Jingdong Wanga, and Jing X. Kanga,1
aDepartment of Medicine and bDepartment of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
Communicated by Alexander Leaf, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, May 20, 2009 (received for review January 5, 2009)
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), an n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC-PUFA), highly enriched in the central nervous system, is critical for brain development and function. It has been shown that DHA deficiency impairs cognitive performance whereas DHA supplementation improves the condition. However, the mechanisms underlying the role of DHA in brain development and function remain to be elucidated. By using transgenic fat-1 mice rich in endogenous n-3 PUFA, we show that increased brain DHA significantly enhances hippocampal neurogenesis shown by an increased number of proliferating neurons and neuritogenesis, evidenced by increased density of dendritic spines of CA1 pyramidal neurons in the hippocampus.
Concurrently, fat-1 mice exhibit a better spatial learning performance in the Morris water maze compared with control WT littermates. In vitro experiments further demonstrate that DHA promotes differentiation and neurite outgrowth of neuronal cells derived from mouse ES cells and increases the proliferation of cells undergoing differentiation into neuronal lineages from the ES cells. These results together provide direct evidence for a promoting effect of DHA on neurogenesis and neuritogenesis and suggest that this effect may be a mechanism underlying its beneficial effect on behavioral performance.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 July 7; 106(27): 11370–11375. Published online 2009 June 22. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0904835106. LINK ABAJO
Omega-3 y neurogenesis
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1: Neurosci Lett. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2007 June 15.Omega-3 fatty acids upregulate adult neurogenesisBarbara S. Beltz, Michael F. Tlusty, Jeannie L. Benton, and David C. SandemanPMCID: PMC1892224Published in final edited form as: Neurosci Lett. 2007 March 26; 415(2): 154–158. Published online 2007 January 7. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2007.01.010.
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4: Lipids Health Dis. 2009; 8: 61. Published online 2009 December 30. doi: 10.1186/1476-511X-8-61.Transgenic fat-1 mouse as a model to study the pathophysiology of cardiovascular, neurological and psychiatric disordersUndurti N Das and László G PuskásPMCID: PMC2811702
5: J Mol Histol. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2009 August 12.Adult neurogenesis and cell cycle regulation in the crustacean olfactory pathway: from glial precursors to differentiated neuronsJeremy M. Sullivan, David C. Sandeman, Jeanne L. Benton, and Barbara S. BeltzPMCID: PMC2725433Published in final edited form as: J Mol Histol. 2007 December; 38(6): 527–542. Published online 2007 July 10. doi: 10.1007/s10735-007-9112-7.
6: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 July 7; 106(27): 11370–11375. Published online 2009 June 22. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0904835106.Improved spatial learning performance of fat-1 mice is associated with enhanced neurogenesis and neuritogenesis by docosahexaenoic acidChengwei He, Xiying Qu, Libin Cui, Jingdong Wang, and Jing X. KangPMCID: PMC2708766
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8: PLoS One. 2010; 5(6): e11130. Published online 2010 June 15. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0011130.Effects of Enriched Physical and Social Environments on Motor Performance, Associative Learning, and Hippocampal Neurogenesis in MiceNoelia Madroñal, Cristina López-Aracil, Alejandra Rangel, José A. del Río, José M. Delgado-García, and Agnès GruartPMCID: PMC2886110
9: Neurosci Lett. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2009 June 27.REDUCED NUMBERS OF DOPAMINE NEURONS IN THE SUBSTANTIA NIGRA PARS COMPACTA AND VENTRAL TEGMENTAL AREA OF RATS FED AN N-3 POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACID-DEFICIENT DIET: A STEREOLOGICAL STUDYS. Omar Ahmad, JiHyuk Park, Jeffery D. Radel, and Beth LevantPMCID: PMC2493469Published in final edited form as: Neurosci Lett. 2008 June 27; 438(3): 303–307. Published online 2008 April 25. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2008.04.073.
10: Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2009 July 1.The Neurobiology of Retinoic Acid in Affective DisordersJ Douglas Bremner and Peter McCafferyPMCID: PMC2704911Published in final edited form as: Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2008 February 15; 32(2): 315–331. Published online 2007 July 10. doi: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2007.07.001.
11: Stroke. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2010 September 1.Robust Docosahexaenoic Acid-Mediated Neuroprotection in a Rat Model of Transient Focal Cerebral IschemiaLudmila Belayev, Larissa Khoutorova, Kristal D. Atkins, and Nicolas G. BazanPMCID: PMC2745047Published in final edited form as: Stroke. 2009 September; 40(9): 3121–3126. Published online 2009 June 18. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.109.555979.
12: Aging health. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2009 December 1.Complementary and alternative medicine use for treatment and prevention of late-life mood and cognitive disordersHelen LavretskyPMCID: PMC2772166Published in final edited form as: Aging health. 2009 February 1; 5(1): 61–78. doi: 10.2217/1745509X.5.1.61.
13: Nat Rev Neurosci. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2010 January 12.Brain foods: the effects of nutrients on brain functionFernando Gómez-PinillaPMCID: PMC2805706Published in final edited form as: Nat Rev Neurosci. 2008 July; 9(7): 568–578. doi: 10.1038/nrn2421.
14: Eur J Neurosci. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2009 March 30.Brain-derived neurotropic factor and neurogenesis in the adult rat dentate gyrus: interactions with corticosteroneScarlett B. Pinnock and Joe HerbertPMCID: PMC2662436Published in final edited form as: Eur J Neurosci. 2008 May; 27(10): 2493–2500. doi: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2008.06250.x.
15: Metabolism. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2009 October 1.Synapse Formation and Cognitive Brain Development: effect of docosahexaenoic (DHA) and other dietary constituentsR. J. WurtmanPMCID: PMC2578826Published in final edited form as: Metabolism. 2008 October; 57(Suppl 2): S6–10. doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2008.07.007.
16: Brain Res Rev. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2009 September 1.THE NEUROPROTECTIVE PROPERTIES OF CALORIE RESTRICTION, THE KETOGENIC DIET, AND KETONE BODIESMarwan A. Maalouf, Jong M. Rho, and Mark P. MattsonPMCID: PMC2649682Published in final edited form as: Brain Res Rev. 2009 March; 59(2): 293–315. Published online 2008 September 25. doi: 10.1016/j.brainresrev.2008.09.002.
17: Mol Pharmacol. 2009 May; 75(5): 1021–1030. Published online 2009 February 2. doi: 10.1124/mol.108.052357.Lithium Increases Synapse Formation between Hippocampal Neurons by Depleting PhosphoinositidesHee Jung Kim and Stanley A. ThayerPMCID: PMC2672813
18: J Biol Chem. 2010 January 8; 285(2): 1008–1015. Published online 2009 November 4. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M109.017137.Dietary Docosahexaenoic Acid Supplementation Modulates Hippocampal Development in the Pemt−/− MouseKerry-Ann da Costa, Kiranmai S. Rai, Corneliu N. Craciunescu, Komal Parikh, Mihai G. Mehedint, Lisa M. Sanders, Audrey McLean-Pottinger, and Steven H. ZeiselPMCID: PMC2801227
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20: Ageing Res Rev. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2009 January 13.Caloric restriction and intermittent fasting: Two potential diets for successful brain agingBronwen Martin, Mark P. Mattson, and Stuart MaudsleyPMCID: PMC2622429Published in final edited form as: Ageing Res Rev. 2006 August; 5(3): 332–353. Published online 2006 August 8. doi: 10.1016/j.arr.2006.04.002.
21: Purinergic Signal. 2007 September; 3(4): 299–310. Published online 2007 October 11. doi: 10.1007/s11302-007-9085-8.The role of ATP and adenosine in the brain under normoxic and ischemic conditionsF. Pedata, A. Melani, A. M. Pugliese, E. Coppi, S. Cipriani, and C. TrainiPMCID: PMC2072927
martes, 25 de enero de 2011
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