Improved spatial learning performance of fat-1 mice is associated with enhanced neurogenesis and neuritogenesis by docosahexaenoic acid

Chengwei Hea, Xiying Qua, Libin Cuib, Jingdong Wanga, and Jing X. Kanga,1
aDepartment of Medicine and bDepartment of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
Communicated by Alexander Leaf, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, May 20, 2009 (received for review January 5, 2009)









Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), an n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC-PUFA), highly enriched in the central nervous system, is critical for brain development and function. It has been shown that DHA deficiency impairs cognitive performance whereas DHA supplementation improves the condition. However, the mechanisms underlying the role of DHA in brain development and function remain to be elucidated. By using transgenic fat-1 mice rich in endogenous n-3 PUFA, we show that increased brain DHA significantly enhances hippocampal neurogenesis shown by an increased number of proliferating neurons and neuritogenesis, evidenced by increased density of dendritic spines of CA1 pyramidal neurons in the hippocampus.
Concurrently, fat-1 mice exhibit a better spatial learning performance in the Morris water maze compared with control WT littermates. In vitro experiments further demonstrate that DHA promotes differentiation and neurite outgrowth of neuronal cells derived from mouse ES cells and increases the proliferation of cells undergoing differentiation into neuronal lineages from the ES cells. These results together provide direct evidence for a promoting effect of DHA on neurogenesis and neuritogenesis and suggest that this effect may be a mechanism underlying its beneficial effect on behavioral performance. 

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 July 7; 106(27): 11370–11375. Published online 2009 June 22. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0904835106.  LINK ABAJO